"Arctic Axis" from Stockholm to London
Thesis
The appearance of certain weather conditions may
constitute the proof of a certain chain of causes. The location and
conditions of one or more extreme winter may indicate to the causation
of the event. Three extreme arctic winters in North Europe in
succession in WWII can only have been generated by the war at sea in
Europe’s home waters.
Facts
The three war winters of 1939/40, 1940/41 and 1941/42
brought record cold winter temperatures along the axis Stockholm, Oslo,
Copenhagen, Hamburg, Rotterdam and London. Every country along this
axis claimed experienced record cold temperatures not measured for one
century. At the same time this record conditions did not occurred in
more distant regions.
The centre of this axis is the water around Denmark
where the North Sea and Baltic Sea come closest together. This centre
represents the region with the greatest temperatures deviation during
the mentioned winters, the cause for this deviation.
The seas usually sustain a moderate winter climate for
Northern Europe. The war at sea ‘diminished’ the required heat capacity
as earlier as in autumn. The riparian countries felt the consequences.
The countries close to the most extensive naval activities, had also
the severest cold:
1939/40: North Germany, due to many 10,000 sea mines, and huge naval
activities in close-by coastal waters of the North Sea and the Baltic
Sea.
1940/41: Oslo and South Norway had absolute record temperatures after
Germany had invaded the country and operated in Norway’s coastal
waters. While the war at sea was waged all over the North Sea, the
Baltic Sea saw only little activities during 1940. 1941/42: Stockholm
(including South Sweden, Denmark, Holland), after German Naval forces
battled the Russian Baltic Fleet for four months in the Baltic Sea.
During the preliminary three war winters the war at
sea was largely regional confined before it went global after Pearl
Harbour in December 1941.
Evidence
The circumstances demonstrate, that the ‘axis of cold’
is a North Sea and Baltic Sea matter generated by the war of sea during
the relevant autumn time, evidential underlined by the fact,
- That the situation repeated itself as long as the
war at sea was regional from 1939 to 1942;
- By shifting the axis slightly into the North Sea in
winter 1940/41, after the Baltic Sea saw more calm during the year
1940, bringing the most extraordinary cold temperatures to South Norway
few months after occupation.
- After a five-month naval showdown in the Baltic the
subsequent winter turned the region (e.g. Stockholm) particularly
arctic.
Conclusion and further reading
The ‘cold axis’ explanation leaves little room for
naming ‘natural variations’ as causation seriously. A ‘temperature
axis’ between Stockholm and London is uncommon, as the seasonal faith
of North and Baltic Sea rarely run simultaneously. It did during the
three war years from 1939 to 1942. Sea mines 1939 (2_14); and Baltic battle field 1941 (3_21); and Three-year-package (3_31).
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