Introduction
 Theses
    Introduction
    Warm healted
    Cool sea - cool winter
    What counts
    Polar air everywhere
    Ice invaded Norway
    Baltic experiment
    Solid Arctic axis
    Four decades cold
    Why Britain cold
    Cause for warm
    Spreading of warming
    One rise - two shifts
 Cooling Europe 1939
 Climate down 1939-42
 Sea War turn climate
 Big Warming 1918
 Climate change twice
 References
 Previous Essays
 
 
 
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Theses 5A

Thesis    Facts    Evidence    Conclusion   
 

Britain put in the cold by war at sea

 

Thesis

The British Isles are surrounded by water and close to the warm Gulf Current of the Atlantic. The climate is thoroughly maritime. The colder the waters around Britain get, the more the island will be turned to typical continental weather feature. The war at sea during the two World Wars changed the British weather substantially by depriving the maritime supremacy, but replacing it with continental weather dominance.

 

Facts

During the last century two major wars at sea occurred, 1914 –1918 and 1939 – 1945. During both wars there was a period in which a major part of the war at sea was in or close to British waters, namely from 1915 to 1918 and again from 1939 to 1942. During both periods the British Isles had three successive cold years and extreme snowfall. Since comparable records had been taken since 1871, only these two periods had so much snow.

At Kew Observatory (London) snow was falling above 20 per cent of the winter days during the mentioned war periods. In winter 1916/17 it was as much as 48 per cent. The means average is 9 days per winter months. The winter of 1916/17 was even colder than the winter of 1939/40, while January 1940 was regarded as the coldest January for 100 years. The Neue Zürcher Zeitung reported on 29th January 1940 that in the close vicinity of London the river Thames froze for the first time since 1814.

 

Evidence

It is not difficult to see the parallel conditions during the two World Wars as striking evidence, if one acknowledges that the war at sea turns huge water masses about, thereby increasing evaporation and the cooling of the sea water body. These two aspects inevitable generate the cooling down of atmospheric air temperature that subsequently generated snowy conditions and cold winters. The weather conditions in Britain during 1915-18 and 1939-42 are a solid piece of evidence on anthropogenic climatic changes.

 

Conclusion and further reading

Due to the extensive and severe war at sea conditions during the two World Wars the situation in Britain can be regarded as a huge experiment in man-made weather-making. Each of three years war period 1915-18 and 1939-42 proves alone that the war at sea generated three arctic winters in succession. The compatibility of the two war periods and their uniqueness since such data are recorded can be seen as a “double checked” proof. Northern Europe plunged into arctic conditions – winter 1939-40 (2_11), and The European weather 1914-18 (5_11).

 


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