Climate Change: By Two Major
Naval Wars
by Dr.
Arnd Bernaerts
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The
annual NASA temperature maps
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C6
The weather attacked in the Winter War:
The so called ‘Winter War’ between
As usual, one can find remarks on the impact of weather on
machinery, but nothing on the more important question, what war does
to the weather. It is amazing that climate experts do not seem to be
able to recognise that such great weather deviation did not come out
of nowhere.
Even
though the making of the cold winter in Europe was well in progress
when b. Military
overview In
total military numbers, the strength involved about 1 million men,
(150,000 dead or missing, 250,000 wounded), and 4-5,000 tanks, 4,000
aircraft and many thousand batteries, most of which were brought in by
the Russians. However, the Red Army enjoyed a material superiority
over the Finnish army by 3:1 in manpower, 80:1 in tanks, 5:1 in
artillery of all types and 5.5:1 in aircraft” (van Dyke, 1997). In the
Soviet military plans foresaw nothing less than total victory
over
The Soviet forces attacked with four armies, comprised of about
20 divisions, along the entire eastern border of
The stories that can and should be told and scrutinized with
regard to their massive interference in atmospheric processes exist in
large numbers. Here are a few, from the first three weeks (Nov. 30 -
to Dec. 21) just to show that this aspect needs to be taken seriously
by science. The New
York Times reported In
the following there is a chronology collected from The New York Times[2]:
November 30, 1939: The Finnish army’s strength along the
entire 750-miles north-to-south front is said to be 250,000 regular
troops and 100,000 men of the volunteer corps. (NYT, December 4,
1939). About the southern Karelian front it was said that a force of
about 40,000 Finnish troops were pitted against 70,000 or 80,000 Red
Army troops. (NYT, ditto). ·
December 2, 1939: “Snow began falling on ·
December 17, 1939: “Last week’s fighting took place on days,
that saw the thermometer in Central Finland go no lower than 4 degrees
below zero (-20°C), while in Karelia temperatures ranged from 5-14
degrees above Fahrenheit (-15 to -10° C). (NYT, The Week in Review,
December 17, 1939). ·
NOTE: Seewarte (1939),
December 18, 1939; The German weather service observed that cyclone
activities in the high North have strongly become active again, at the
same time the extreme cold had been continuing in that area. At
·
December 21, 1939: “Russians retreat from ·
December 30, 1939: According to a review of the first month of
the war, the Russians are now attacking on seven fronts with 700,000
men. Russian losses are estimated at 35,000 killed, 100,000 wounded,
332 tanks destroyed or captured. (NYT,
December 31, 1939) In
January 1940 the war intensified. The horror was thoroughly reported
by the NYT. ·
January 8, 1940: A record frost today covered Northern and ·
January 18, 1940: Russia
deployed 2,000 large guns (NYT, January 18), which spat one hundred
shells every minute (NYT, February 01) - but ‘a pitiless deadly cold
laid a glacial cover on Russia’s war machinery tonight with
phenomenal 54 degrees-below-zero temperatures’ Fahrenheit
(NYT, January 18). ·
January 21, 1940: “The cold polar air remained stagnant over
vast areas of Europe and ·
January 27, 1940: ·
February 27, 1040: Koivisto lost, Finns admit. (NYT, February
27, 1940). The
following information is taken from wikipedia: ·
An unknown number of Red Army troops froze to death in January, the
number of soldiers injured by frostbite is estimated at 10,000 Russian,
and 5,000 Finns. ·
The Soviets shipped massive numbers of new tanks and artillery pieces
to the theater. Troops were increased from ten divisions to 25–26
divisions, 6–7 tank brigades and several independent tank platoons,
totalling 600,000 men. On February 1 1940, the Red Army began a
massive offensive, firing 300,000 shells into the Finnish lines in the
first 24 hours of the bombardment. c. Weather summary
Although the winter was very cold, and newspaper reports may
have exaggerated the weather situation quite a bit, the winter 1939/40
based on Dec/Jan/Feb, was also the coldest since the 1890s (Fig.
C6-2). But it is worth noting that in
To discuss the Finnish winter weather as a subject of a small
region of the entire European continent has too many limits in order
to do it in the context of this work. If the Red Army started a
massive offensive with 300,000 shells into the Finnish lines in the
first 24 hours, in a cloudless sky it would have presumably zero
effect on the above the scenario, but could e.g. increase
precipitation as snow or rain within a distance of 1,000 km or more.
In addition to the already mentioned colder conditions in the Baltic
proper
than further north, the most relevant parameters have been mentioned
by Korhonen as follows[4]: __”The
weather is often quickly bypassed with a comment "...several
meters of snow and minus
40 degrees Celsius". __While
the latter part has some truth in it as the temperatures were indeed
occasionally even below -40°C, the first part about the thickness of
the snow cover is a wild exaggeration. While the temperatures during
the winter 1939-1940 were below long time averages, the rainfall was
less than average. __
Up to this fourth week (Monday 18 to Sunday
24 in December 1939), the temperatures had been relatively
mild, considering usual winter time temperatures. Monday and Tuesday
were very mild days, when the warmest days of December were recorded
in most parts of __The
last week of the year 1939 started off in cold temperatures. In many
parts of the country Monday and Tuesday were the days when the coldest
temperatures so far were reached. On December 25, -23°C was measured
in Kuopio and Jyväskylä while on December 26 -19°C was measured in
Helsinki, -25°C in Viipuri, -26°C in Sortavala, -29°C in Kajaani, -23°C
in Oulu, and -29°C in Sodankylä. During the next days, the
temperatures varied widely, when Southern Finland got warmer while
Lapland got colder, the coldest temperature of December that was
measured in Sodankylä was on the last day of the year, being -34.3
degrees below zero.“ It
is well established that this winter was very cold. From the material
at ‘www.warwinter.com’, the data for d. Winter War on land and in the air - Summary The
Winter War was, from a climatological point of view, a very big
disaster for the Red Army. The mission to occupy [1]
http://www.winterwar.com/
, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Winter_War,
Carl v. Dyke (1979),
“The Soviet Invasion of Finland 1939-40”, [2] A more detailed chronology at: http://climate-ocean.com/, Chapter 2_41 [3]
Timo Niroma, (Year?) at:
http://www.kolumbus.fi/tilmari/clim.htm . [4]
See: Sami H. E. Korhonen section “Miscellaneous articles”; The
weather during the Winter War, Part I & Part II at: http://www.winterwar.com
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